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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Ruby学习路程</h1>
        

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        <p>Ruby是另一种脚本语言，为什么说“又”，因为我已经了解了lua和python，那么为什么要学习Ruby，最主要的原因是现在很多第三方工具，如Cocoapods、Jekyll是用Ruby写的，为了更好的了解他们，至少得看得懂Ruby语法，于是就有了该Blog，我会将我学习Ruby的经历记录与此。</p>
<h3 id="0-HelloWorld"><a href="#0-HelloWorld" class="headerlink" title="0. HelloWorld"></a>0. HelloWorld</h3><p>任何语言都是从HelloWorld开始，Ruby也不另外.</p>
<pre>
puts "Hello Ruby World."
</pre>
纳尼，就这一句？没错！！！ 看看输出:
<pre>
StarnetdeMacBook-Pro:ruby starnet$ ruby helloworld.rb 
Hello Ruby World
</pre>

<h3 id="1-语法"><a href="#1-语法" class="headerlink" title="1. 语法"></a>1. 语法</h3><ul>
<li>如果 Ruby 在行尾遇到运算符，比如 +、- 或反斜杠，它们表示一个语句的延续</li>
<li>Ruby 标识符的名称可以包含字母、数字和下划线字符（ _ ）</li>
<li><p>&lt;&lt; 多行字符串</p>
<pre>
print << (此处不应有空格) EOF
  This is the first way of creating
  here document ie. multiple line string.
EOF
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>BEGIN 在程序之前执行</p>
<pre>
BEGIN {
 code
}</pre>
</li>
<li><p>END 在程序之后执行</p>
<pre>
END {
 code
}</pre>
</li>
<li><p>#为注释符号</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-变量"><a href="#2-变量" class="headerlink" title="2. 变量"></a>2. 变量</h3><ul>
<li><p>$ - 全局变量</p>
<pre>
$: 默认搜索路径
$! 最近一次的错误信息
$@ 错误产生的位置
$_ gets最近读的字符串
$. 解释器最近读的行数(line number)
$& 最近一次与正则表达式匹配的字符串
$~ 作为子表达式组的最近一次匹配
$n 最近匹配的第n个子表达式(和$~[n]一样)
$= 是否区别大小写的标志
$/ 输入记录分隔符
$\ 输出记录分隔符
$0 Ruby脚本的文件名
$* 命令行参数
$$ 解释器进程ID
$? 最近一次执行的子进程退出状态</pre>
</li>
<li><p>@ - 类实例成员变量</p>
</li>
<li>@@ - 类变量</li>
<li>大写 - 常量</li>
<li>:: - 域</li>
<li><p>: - symbol</p>
<ul>
<li>名字相同， Symbol 相同</li>
<li>名字不同， Symbol 不同</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>伪变量</p>
<pre>
self: 当前方法的接收器对象
true: 代表 true 的值
false: 代表 false 的值
nil: 代表 undefined 的值
__FILE__: 当前源文件的名称
__LINE__: 当前行在源文件中的编号
</pre>

</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-逻辑代码段"><a href="#3-逻辑代码段" class="headerlink" title="3. 逻辑代码段"></a>3. 逻辑代码段</h3><ul>
<li><p>if…else</p>
<pre>
if conditional [then]
    code...
[elsif conditional [then]
    code...]...
[else
    code...]
end
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>if</p>
<pre>
code if condition
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>unless…else = if反义</p>
<pre>
unless conditional [then]
 code
[else
 code ]
end
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>unless</p>
<pre>
code unless conditional
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>case</p>
<pre>
case expression
[when expression [, expression ...] [then]
 code ]...
[when expression [, expression ...] [then]
 code ]...
...
[else
 code ]
end
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>while</p>
<pre>
while conditional [do]
 code
end
</pre>
<pre>
code while condition
或者
begin 
code 
end while conditional
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>until - while反义</p>
<pre>
until conditional [do]
 code
end
</pre>

</li>
</ul>
<pre>
code until conditional
或者
begin
   code
end until conditional
</pre>

<ul>
<li><p>for</p>
<pre>
for variable [, variable ...] in expression [do]
 code
end
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>redo</p>
<pre>
for i in 0..5
 if i < 2 then
    puts "Value of local variable is #{i}"
    redo
 end
end
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>retry</p>
<pre>
begin
 do_something # 抛出的异常
rescue
 # 处理错误
 retry  # 重新从 begin 开始
end
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>do</p>
<pre>
(expression).each do |variable[, variable...]| code end
</pre>

</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="4-方法与块"><a href="#4-方法与块" class="headerlink" title="4. 方法与块"></a>4. 方法与块</h3><ul>
<li><p>方法</p>
<pre>
def method_name [( [arg [= default]]...[, * arg [, &expr ]])]
 expr..
end
</pre>
<pre>
method_name [arg ...]
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>块</p>
<pre>
block_name{
 statement1
 statement2
 ..........
}
</pre>
yield 表示{}
在块中，您可以在两个竖线之间放置一个变量来接受参数
<pre>
def test
 yield 5,10
 puts "You are in the method test"
 yield 100,200
end
test {|i,j| puts "You are in the block #{i}, #{j}"}
</pre>

</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="5-lt-lt-self-理解"><a href="#5-lt-lt-self-理解" class="headerlink" title="5. \&lt;\&lt; self 理解"></a>5. \&lt;\&lt; self 理解</h3><p>查考<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/lyx2007825/article/details/10089115" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a><br>ruby在任何时间任何地点，可以对一个类或对象打开进行添加方法或者重写方法 其本质是<strong>ruby在任何地方能对一个既存的对象打开也是基于类的，只不过是个匿名的内部类而已，而这个类继承于当前实例的类</strong></p>
<p>于是 &lt;&lt; self 可以理解为重写self的类方法</p>
<pre>
class Hello
    class << self
        def hello
            puts 'hello'
        end
        def hello1
            hello
            puts 'hello1'
        end
    end  
    def hello2 
        Hello.hello
        puts 'hello2'
    end
    def self.hello3
        Hello.hello
        puts 'hello2'
    end
end
Hello.hello
Hello.hello3
h = Hello.new
h.hello2
</pre>

      
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